\ncr The interference in the sound recording is due to a slight overlap in the speech of Flint and Mrs Harrison.
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg a sore
\na nanda-bubu
\ng 3sgF/3FEM:poss-sore
\ncng nanda- is the 3sgF/3FEM possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd numbers and quantifiers
\fg all, everybody, all fellow
\ncfg cf lijakada they
\na li-jakara
\ng pl-all
\ncr The interference in the sound recording is due to the fact that Mrs Harrison and the other informant begin to speak simultaneously.
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft Flint's written transcription: nanda dangk?? nanda danyk??
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg ankle
\na nanda-dangka
\ng 3sgF/3FEM:poss-ankle
\ncng nanda- is the 3sgF/3FEM possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd numbers and quantifiers
\fg another; other (e.g. "I have a pencil, I have another pencil")
\ncfg Flint's written gloss: "another"
\os Kirton 1971:2: arrkula one
\na arkuula
\ng another
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg armpit
\na nalu-wajimbangu
\ng 3pl:poss-armpit
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\or nalumurngu(neck)(2); nalumurngu(neck)(3)
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg neck
\ncfg "neck" and "back of the neck" are expressed by the same Yanyula word: nalumurngu.
\na nalu-murngu
\ng 3pl:poss-neck
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg back
\na nanda-wuku
\ng 3sgF/3FEM:poss-back
\ncng nanda- is the 3sgF/3FEM possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd adjectives
\fg bad
\os Kirton 1971:2: wardi bad
\na ya-wadi
\ng M-bad
\ncng # ya- corresponds to the male personal prefix nya- (Kirton 1971:38).
\sd nouns - animals
\fg bandicoot
\na dawakunya
\ng MASC:bandicoot
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg beard
\na nalu-jamuka
\ng 3pl:poss-beard
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd nouns - plants
\ncft This is the only occurrence in the Yanyula data of the symbol represented by E.
\fg beefwood tree
\ncfg Flint's written transcription: beefwood
\na lEElyar
\ng MASC:beefwood
\sd adjectives
\fg big
\ncfg In eliciting this word Flint also says "big fellow", thus suggesting a male person.
\os Kirton 1971:2 walkurra big
\na ya-walkura
\ng M-big
\ncng # ya- corresponds to the male personal prefix nya- (Kirton 1971:38).
\ncr This is the Garawa word for "blood" ("G" stands for "Garawa"), provided by one of the other informants. Mrs Harrison, the main informant, says that there is no Yanyula word for "blood".
\sd Nouns - body
\fg blood
\sd nouns - plants
\fg bloodwood tree
\ncfg Flint's written gloss: "bloodwood"
\na yubulala
\ng MASC:bloodwood
\ncr This verb phrase is never given in its entirety by the informant, who appears to have reduced her speed to allow Flint to write down the utterance.
\sd verbs and clauses
\fg bring water
\os Bradley et al 1992:281: wabuda water (noun, masculine)
\na ya-ka-ya wabuda
\ncna # ya- corresponds to the reduced 3M pronominal prefix nya- (reduced in the imperative mood from anya-) (see Kirton & Charlie 1996:146; see Yanyula Grammar).
\ng 3M-take-IMP water
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg buttocks
\na anda-wuna
\ng 3sgF/3FEM-buttocks
\ncng # anda- corresponds to the 3sgF/3FEM possessive prefix for body-part nouns, nanda- (Kirton 1971:32).
\or janyana'kanji ngabala(2); janyana'kanji; ngabala
\sd verbs and clauses
\fft carry child on shoulder; She carries the child on shoulder.
\os Bradley et al 1992:251 ngabarla carrying position on the shoulders (adverb)
\na j-anya-ana-'ka-nji ngabala
\ng PRES-3M-1sg-carry-PRES on the shoulders
\sd nouns - physical environment - geographical
\fg cave, a hole in the rock
\ncfg Flint's written gloss: "cave"
\na 'an'ara
\ng MASC:cave
\sd nouns - insects
\ncft This is the only occurence in the Yanyula data of the symbol represented by A.
\fg centipede
\na a-wanAnka
\ng FEM-centipede
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg chest
\na nanda-milimili
\ng 3sgF/3FEM:poss-chest
\ncng nanda- is the 3sgF/3FEM possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg chin
\na nalu-yiira
\ng 3pl:poss-chin
\ncng nalu is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd nouns - physical environment - geographical
\fg cliff, side of a mountain
\ncfg Another informant, in explaining the English word to the main informant, gives the translation "big rock". This could have influenced her selection of a Yanyula word.
\os Kirton 1971:26 jayngyka rock, stone (noun, masculine class)
\na ja[i]ngka
\ng MASC:cliff
\sd nouns - birds
\ncft Flint's written transcription: arbara[n]
\fg cockatoo (white fellow)
\ncfg Flint's written gloss: "cockatoo"
\os Kirton 1971: 25: rra-barral white cockatoo (noun, feminine class)
\na ar-baran
\ng FEM-cockatoo
\ncng # ar- corresponds to the feminine class prefix rra-~a- (Kirton 1971: 38).
\sd verbs and clauses
\fft The man came out of the cave; come out of
\ncfft Flint's written translation: "man came out of cave"
\os Bradley et al 1992:285: walanymantharra coming out; emerging (verb, intransitive).
\na j-alu-walanma-nji
\ng PRES-3pl-come out-PRES
\sd nouns - plants
\fg coolibah
\na mawalan?? ma-walan??
\ng MASC:coolibah FOOD-coolibah
\ncr Flint, in his transcription, gives wulurrinji, although the informant's original utterance on the recording appears to be janawulurrinji. This confusion seems to have arisen in the following way: in the original utterance of the verb pronominal prefix is unclear, sounding most like jalu. However, when Flint repeats "jalu", the informant corrects him by giving the 1sg free pronoun ngarna (Kirton & Charlie 1996:37 (5.1)). She may have intended to show that she had actually used the 1sg subject pronominal prefix arna- (Kirton & Charlie 1996:91) in the first place. When asked to repeat the Yanyula word for "to cough", the informant gives wulurrinji alone, and does not repeat the pronominal prefix, and this is the version which Flint records.
\sd verbs and clauses
\fg I cough
\ncfg Flint's written gloss: "cough"
\na j-ana-wulurri-nji
\ng PRES-1sg-cough-PRES
\ncng # ana- corresponds to the 1sg subject pronominal prefix arna- (Kirton & Charlie 1996:91).
\sd nouns - physical environment - water
\fg creek, little river
\ncfg Flint's written gloss: "creek"
\na ra-anda
\ng FEM-creek
\ft nawanka?? nawangka?? ngawanka?? ngawangka??
\sd nouns - birds
\ncft Flint's written transcription: nawanka?? ngawanka??
\fg crow
\os Kirton 1971:25: rra-wangka crow
\na nga-wanka
\ng FEM-crow
\ncng # nga- corresponds to the feminine class prefix rra- (Kirton 1971: 38). Support for this interpretation comes both from the informant's pronunciation and from Kirton's analysis (1971:25).
\sd Kin
\fg daughter
\ncfg In eliciting the kinship nouns, Flint generally uses the possessive pronoun "your" (eg "your younger brother" etc.), although sometimes he gives no possessive pronoun.
\os Kirton 1971:32: ngadha- 1sg possessive prefix for class 10 kinship nouns
\os Kirton 1971:34: ardu son, daughter
\na a-ngada-r-adu
\ng F-1sg:poss-F-son, daughter
\sd adjectives
\fg deaf
\os Bradley et al 1992:226: murdu (class marker-) deaf (adjective)
\na ra-mudu
\ng F-deaf
\ncng # ra- corresponds to the female/feminine noun class marker, rra- (Kirton 1971:38).
\sd nouns - animals
\fg dingo
\na yawadbina
\ng MASC:dingo
\or jinangka'rinji(2); jinangka'rinji(3)
\sd Verbs and clauses
\fft Do you understand English?
\ncfft jinangkarinji means "Do you understand?". To say "Do you understand English?" in Yanyula, one would say "jinangkarinji English?". Flint confirms this with the informant on the recording.
\na j-i-ina-ngkari-nji
\ng PRES-3MASC(f)-2sg-understand-PRES
\ncng # ina- corresponds to the 2sg transitive subject prefix inya- (Kirton & Charlie 1996:91).
\sd spatial
\fg down
\os Kirton & Charlie 1996:55 waykaliya downwards
\na wajal-iya
\ng down-wards
\sd nouns - animals
\fg dugong
\na waalya
\ng MASC:dugong
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg ear
\na nal-'wanda
\ng 3pl:poss-ear
\ncng # nal- corresponds to the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns, nalu- (Kirton 1971:32).
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd spatial
\fg east
\os Kirton & Charlie 1996:52 akarr-iya eastwards
\na akar-iya
\ng east-wards
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg elbow
\na nalu-murnu
\ng 3pl:poss-elbow
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\ncr There is no sound recording of this word.
\sd Kin
\fg elder sister
\ncfg In eliciting the kinship nouns, Flint generally uses the possessive pronoun "your" (eg "your younger brother" etc.), although sometimes he gives no possessive pronoun.
\os Kirton (1971:31) baba elder sibling (noun, class 9, also 10)
\na aa-ja-bab
\ng F-1sg:poss-elder sibling
\ncng # aa- corresponds to the female class prefix rra-~a- (Kirton 1971:31).
\ncng bab corresponds to baba elder sibling (Kirton 1971:31).
\sd nouns - birds
\ncft See also nyawada wallaby.
\fg emu chick
\os Bradley et al 1992:296: watha (class marker-) (adjective) young; immature. Of birds, animals, used also of the spar on the mast of a canoe.
\na 'ya-wada
\ng M-immature
\ncng # ya- corresponds to the male personal prefix nya- (Kirton 1971:38).
\sd nouns - birds
\fg emu egg
\na anda-mawuka
\ng 3FEM:poss-emu egg
\sd nouns - birds
\fg emu feathers
\na anda-wulu
\ng 3FEM:poss-emu feather
\or anganganda(2); anganganda(3)
\sd nouns - birds
\fg emu
\os Kirton 1971:25: a-rnangandha emu (noun, feminine class)
\na a-nganganda
\ng FEM-emu
\or januwingkai(2); yindalu(2)
\ncr This verb phrase is never given in its entirety by the informant, who appears to have reduced her speed to allow Flint to write down the utterance.
\ncr Whether Flint interprets janu and wingkai as separate words or merely separate morphemes is unclear.
\sd verbs and clauses
\fg to enter; I enter
\ncfg Flint's written gloss: "enter"
\os Bradley et al 1992:89: jarna-wingkayi I'm going (present).
\na j-anu-wingka-i yinda-lu
\ng PRES-1pl.excl-enter-PRES 2sg-ALL
\ncng # -i corresponds to -yi, a variant of the present tense suffix for verb stems ending with a CCV pattern (Bradley et al 1992:89).
\ncng anu- is the 1pl exclusive pronominal prefix. However, here anu- may correspond to the 1sg subject pronominal prefix arna-.
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg eye
\na nalu-nyi
\ng 3pl:poss-eye
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32)
\or recorded under nalunguru(face) to distinguish from nalunguru(nose).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg face
\os Kirton 1971:30: ngurru nose, face
\na nalu-nguru
\ng 3pl:poss-face
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd spatial
\fg far, very far, far away
\ncfg Flint's written gloss: "far"
\ncfg wuduliya is the word which Flint gives for "north".
\na wuduliya
\ng far
\sd adjectives
\fg fat
\ncfg In eliciting this word, Flint also says "big fellow", thus suggesting a male person.
\os Kirton 1971:2 walkurra big
\na nya-walkura
\ng M-fat
\sd Kin
\fg father
\ncfg In eliciting the kinship nouns, Flint generally uses the possessive pronoun "your" (eg "your younger brother" etc.), although sometimes he gives no possessive pronoun.
\na wun'yada
\ng father
\ncng Familiar kinterms (noun class 9) do not take possessive prefixes (Kirton 1971:30).
\sd Kin
\fg father's father, granddaddy
\ncfg Flint's written gloss: "father's father"
\ncfg In eliciting the kinship nouns, Flint generally uses the possessive pronoun "your" (eg "your younger brother" etc.), although sometimes he gives no possessive pronoun.
\na na-ja-murimuri
\ng M-1sg poss-father's father
\ncng # na- corresponds to the male class prefix nya- (Kirton 1971:38).
\sd Kin
\ncft Flint's written transcription: aja abuj
\fg father's mother, grandmother
\ncfg Flint's written gloss: "father's mother"
\ncfg In eliciting the kinship nouns, Flint generally uses the possessive pronoun "your" (eg "your younger brother" etc.), although sometimes he gives no possessive pronoun.
\os Kirton 1971:34: ngabuji father's mother (noun, class 10)
\na a-ja-abuji
\ng F-1sg:poss-father's mother
\sd Kin
\fg father's sister
\ncfg In eliciting the kinship nouns, Flint generally uses the possessive pronoun "your" (eg "your younger brother" etc.), although sometimes he gives no possessive pronoun.
\os Kirton 1971:34: barradha mother (noun, class 10, also 9)
\na yiku-r-anyira
\ng 3Msg:poss-F-younger sibling
\ncng According to Kirton (1971:33), Class 10 formal kinship nouns have the following structure: personal prefix-possessive prefix-personal prefix, or personal prefix-ja (in the first person). Flints' transcription here does not conform exactly to either pattern.
\or naluyilyi'(2); naluyilyi'(3); naluyilyi'(4); yilyi' (stem only)
\ncr At one point in the recording, one of the other informants present at the recording session interjects with the stem alone. His pronunciation seems to differ noticeably from Mrs Harrison's, and sounds like ilwi (also ilwi(2)).
\ncr Flint, in his later repetitions of the word, seems to be clearly saying yilyi'. This spelling has therefore been adopted in our transcription.
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft Flint's written transcription naluyili, in which the second l of the word has a line through it. On the basis of Flint's pronunciation this appears to represent an ly sound.
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg fingernail
\os Bradley et al 1992: 251: nda-yirrnyi (poss-) (noun). body part; fingernail, your; toenail, your. also nda-rinkarr, nda-marrkilikili.
\os Bradley et al 1992: 251: na-yirrnyi (ni-) claw, of a lizard/possum(poss-) (noun). Also na-rinkarr (ni-), na-marrkilikili (ni-).
\na nalu-yilyi'
\ng 3pl:poss-fingernail
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd numbers and quantifiers
\ncft This phrase is identical to that glossed as "very many, many, whole mob".
\fg five
\os Kirton 1971:2: li-jakarda many
\na lii-jakara
\ng pl-many
\ncng # lii- corresponds to the plural prefix li- Kirton (1971:2).
\sd nouns - plants
\ncft In Flint's transcription there is a dot above l whose significance (if it has any) is not known.
\fg flower
\na jal
\ng MASC:flower
\sd nouns - insects
\fg fly
\os Kirton 1971:25: rra-miyimiyi fly species (noun, feminine class).
\na ra-mi'mi
\ng FEM-fly