The Body
Note on body-part nouns
It is often difficult to tell from from Flint's original transcript whether the body-part nouns are to be understood as two words or one. The structure of these nouns clearly follows a pattern: nalu- or nanda- followed by another meaningful unit. Sometimes these units are combined, and sometimes they have a break between them. It is also difficult to discern the breaks on the recording. For consistency's sake, the body-part nouns have been written as single words comprising a possessive prefix and a stem. This has been done on the basis of a number of factors:
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg head
\na nalu-wulaya
\ng 3pl:poss-head
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\ncr extra gloss information: hair of the head
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg hair
\na nalu-wada
\ng 3pl:poss-hair
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg forehead
\na nalu-miri
\ng 3pl:poss-forehead
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\or recorded under nalunguru(face) to distinguish from nalunguru(nose).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg face
\os Kirton 1971:30: ngurru nose, face
\na nalu-nguru
\ng 3pl:poss-face
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg eye
\na nalu-nyi
\ng 3pl:poss-eye
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32)
\or recorded under nalunguru(nose) to distinguish from nalunguru(face).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg nose
\na nalu-nguru
\ng 3pl:poss-nose
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32)
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg ear
\na nal-'wanda
\ng 3pl:poss-ear
\ncng We assume that nal- corresponds to the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns, nalu- (Kirton 1971:32).
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg throat
\na nalu-wuduwa
\ng 3pl:poss-throat
\ncng nalu is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg chin
\na nalu-yiira
\ng 3pl:poss-chin
\ncng nalu is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg beard
\na nalu-jamuka
\ng 3pl:poss-beard
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg mouth
\na nalu-mulu
\ng 3pl:poss-mouth
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg lip
\na nalu-yira
\ng 3pl:poss-lip
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg tooth
\na nalu-liminjil
\ng 3pl:poss-tooth
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg tongue
\na nalu-nganda
\ng 3pl:poss-tongue
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32)
\or nalumurngu(neck)(2); nalumurngu(neck)(3)
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg neck
\ncfg "neck" and "back of the neck" are expressed by the same Yanyula word: nalumurngu.
\na nalu-murngu
\ng 3pl:poss-neck
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg back of neck
\ncfg "Neck" and "back of the neck" are expressed by the same Yanyula word: nalumurngu.
\na nalu-murngu
\ng 3pl:poss-back of neck
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg armpit
\na nalu-wajimbangu
\ng 3pl:poss-armpit
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg shoulder
\na nalu-bilila
\ng 3pl:poss-shoulder
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg upper arm
\na nalu-wi
\ng 3pl:poss-upper arm
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg elbow
\na nalu-murnu
\ng 3pl:poss-elbow
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg hand; palm of hand
\os Kirton & Charlie 1996:71 (8.39): marliji hand
\os Kirton 1971:30: maliji finger
\na nalu-maliji
\ng 3pl:poss-hand
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg right hand
\os Bradley et al 1992:216: maya (poss-) right side (adjective)
\na nalu-mayangu
\ng 3pl:poss-right hand
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg left hand
\na nalu-wakunyi
\ng 3pl:poss-left hand
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\or naluyilyi'(2); naluyilyi'(3); naluyilyi'(4); yilyi' (stem only)
\ncr At one point in the recording, one of the other informants present at the recording session interjects with the stem alone. His pronunciation seems to differ noticeably from Mrs Harrison's, and sounds like ilwi (also ilwi(2)).
\ncr Flint, in his later repetitions of the word, seems to be clearly saying yilyi'. This spelling has therefore been adopted in our transcription.
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft Flint's written transcription naluyili, in which the second l of the word has a line through it. On the basis of Flint's pronunciation this appears to represent an ly sound.
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg fingernail
\os Bradley et al 1992: 251: nda-yirrnyi (poss-) (noun). body part; fingernail, your; toenail, your. also nda-rinkarr, nda-marrkilikili.
\os Bradley et al 1992: 251: na-yirrnyi (ni-) claw, of a lizard/possum(poss-) (noun). Also na-rinkarr (ni-), na-marrkilikili (ni-).
\na nalu-yilyi'
\ng 3pl:poss-fingernail
\ncng nalu- is the 3pl possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\or ngandalalul(2); lalul (stem only); lalul(2)
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg rib bone
\na nganda-lalul
\ng 3sgF/3FEM:poss-rib bone
\ncng We assume that nganda- corresponds to the 3sgF/3FEM possessive prefix for body-part nouns, nanda- (Kirton 1971:32).
\ncng nanda- is the 3sgF/3FEM possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg chest
\na nanda-milimili
\ng 3sgF/3FEM:poss-chest
\ncng nanda- is the 3sgF/3FEM possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg back
\na nanda-wuku
\ng 3sgF/3FEM:poss-back
\ncng nanda- is the 3sgF/3FEM possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\ncr In the recording, the final sound of this word is unclear in the speech of both informants. Flint's transcript is also unclear.
\ncr The main informant, Mrs Harrison, is assisted by the other informant for her answer. The other informant states that the Garawa word for "heart" is kudula [or possibly kudulu], and that "everybody ...all the language[sic]" (including Yanyula) use that same word. To listen to his pronunciation of this word, click on kudula(G); kudula(G)(2). The final sound of kudula(G) seems clearly to be a, whereas the final sound of kudula(G)(2) is not as clear.
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg heart
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg buttocks
\na anda-wuna
\ng 3sgF/3FEM-buttocks
\ncng We assume that anda- corresponds to the 3sgF/3FEM possessive prefix for body-part nouns, nanda- (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg thigh
\na nanda-mIlka
\ng 3sgF/3FEM:poss-thigh
\ncng nanda- is the 3sgF/3FEM possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg knee
\na nanda-buru
\ng 3sgF/3FEM:poss-knee
\ncng nanda- is the 3sgF/3FEM possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg lower leg
\na nanda-wiilba
\ng 3sgF/3FEM:poss-leg
\ncng nanda- is the 3sgF/3FEM possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\ncr The interference in the sound recording is due to the fact that Mrs Harrison and the other informant begin to speak simultaneously.
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft Flint's written transcription: nanda dangk?? nanda danyk??
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg ankle
\na nanda-dangka
\ng 3sgF/3FEM:poss-ankle
\ncng nanda- is the 3sgF/3FEM possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg foot
\na nanda-manda
\ng 3sgF/3FEM:poss-foot
\ncng nanda- is the 3sgF/3FEM possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\ncft This is the same word as that glossed as "foot" (above).
\fg sole of the foot
\na nanda-manda
\ng 3sgF/3FEM:poss-sole
\ncng nanda- is the 3sgF/3FEM possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg skin
\na nanda-'yiira
\ng 3sgF/3FEM-skin
\ncng nanda- is the 3sgF/3FEM possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd Nouns - body
\fg veins
\ncr This is the Garawa word for "blood" ("G" stands for "Garawa"), provided by one of the other informants. Mrs Harrison, the main informant, says that there is no Yanyula word for "blood".
\sd Nouns - body
\fg blood
\ncr The interference in the sound recording is due to a slight overlap in the speech of Flint and Mrs Harrison.
\sd Nouns - body
\ncft see note at top of page
\fg a sore
\na nanda-bubu
\ng 3sgF/3FEM:poss-sore
\ncng nanda- is the 3sgF/3FEM possessive prefix for body-part nouns (Kirton 1971:32).
\sd nouns - body
\fg head cold
\na j-ungu-walirI-nji
\ncna Although Flint glosses this as a noun, structurally it appears to be more akin to a verb.
\ng PRES-??-??-PRES
\ncng ungu- is not among the pronominal prefixes given by Kirton & Charlie (1996:91), and does not closely resemble any of them.