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Eating
Restraint in the Face of Excess
Elspeth Probyn, Carnal Appetites: FoodSexIdentities.
Routledge, 2000.
Reviewed by Angela Hirst.
Carnal Appetites: FoodSexIdentities is an alimentary
journey that veers away from the well-trodden ground of 'pleasant'
food writing. It's hard to imagine Jeffrey Steingarten, Elizabeth
David or M.F.K. Fisher ever having thought to take food so
far afield from gastronomy as to provoke the question is
oral sex eating? By trampling on well-established food
arenas into previously unrelated territory, Elspeth Probyn
ingeniously confuses thinking and eating, living and feeding.
The result is a deftly described game (an edible 'twister'
perhaps) with food as the board and our identities as the
players. In the game, we consume life's unpalatable elements
as readily as its delicacies, and are teased, disgusted and
tantalised by their dialectical imagery. Using Probyn's words,
food and eating become the 'optic' through which to see how
we live, what sustains us, or 'how we eat into cultures, eat
into identities, indeed eat into ourselves.'
Probyn borrows Deleuze's rhizomatic logic to describe
food's ever surprising infiltrations into and around us. We
eat rhizomes. They are protruding bulbous underground gingers
and potatoes, which are both root and stem. They branch off
laterally and horizontally, growing opportunistically, making
soil and water into body. Similarly, Probyn understands human
ingestion as a process that problematises the boundaries of
body, food and inedibles. When we consume the tuber, divisions
between I and other are blurred. Identity is destabilised.
The body becomes assemblage connected to other assemblages,
'bits of past and present practice, openings, attachments
to parts of the social, closings and aversion to other parts.
The tongue, as it ventures out to taste something new, may
bring back fond memories, or it may cause us to recoil in
disgust.' Rhizomatic logic pokes fun at the hierarchical tap
root logic of trees. The seemingly unconnected connect. Near
and far are juxtaposed and new food sources - sex, black and
white skins, human bodies, ideologies, shame - are uncovered.
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Let me throw you a few examples to whet the appetite. Probyn
often begins her food explorations with herself, lending
an idiosyncratic and sometimes quirky edge to each theme
she explores. Going from possible pregnancy convincing her
to change breakfast from cigarettes and coffee to phyto-oestrogen-rich
folate-fortified cereal, to recounting the battle between
pride and shame in her severely anorexic adolescence, Probyn
maps her eating body so that we can discover ours. In 'Bodies
that eat', and contrary to the tacit claim that eating confirms
identity, Probyn describes eating as a way of losing oneself.
In 'Feeding McWorld, eating ideologies', she pays a dubious
respect to the perversity of McDonald's ingenious blend
of 'familial citizenship' and 'globalised eating.' 'Eating
sex' departs from popular food and sex couplings in the
guise of celebrity chefs and gastroporn for the more restrained
sensuality and timing involved in turning a mango inside
out. This way of 'thinking through eating to sex', she tempts,
may make us 'infinitely more susceptible to pleasure.'
Although Probyn openly admits to passing over specific environmental
concerns in favour of more diffuse questions of understanding,
her approach does, nonetheless, underscore a vital focus
for environmental discourse that has thus far been neglected.
In dealing with those smaller, insidious actions hidden
within the mundanity of eating, Probyn's rhizomatic exploration
becomes a tool to cloud the logic of the worldview pictures
of ethical existence. By informing a more subtle ecological
sensitivity often neglected by environmental writing, Probyn's
work inadvertently contributes to a developing paradigm
of environmental consciousness: '[W]ays of living informed
by both the rawness of a visceral engagement with the world,
and a sense of restraint in the face of excess.'
Although I applaud Probyn's endeavours at what she describes
as 'smaller' scenarios rather than 'generalised green politics',
I also hope that her sojourn is but the first nibble at
this particular rhizome. It's not that Probyn has inadequately
critiqued the realms of traditional identity formation -
sex, bodies, corporate culture
but that within the
category of 'food' many neglected areas still exist. Eating
is privileged within research, unfettered by links to all
those less glamorous activities which make it possible.
The emphasis on eating in Probyn's writing alludes to a
more universal cultural emphasis on this consumptive practice,
which results in little being written, for instance, about
the growing of food. The colours and characters of food
production are so easily washed out under the glare of celebrity
chefs and shock/horror eating practices. In such a light,
consigning food production to the shadows of cultural research,
remote edges of 'over-developed' cities, corners of backyards
and the insides of industrial sheds may be an understandable
strategy. However, with 40% of the world's population facing
a future with not enough water to grow their own food and
famine currently spreading through parts of Aftrica, I contend
that extending Probyn's question 'What does power taste
like?' to these nether regions of food practice is a critical
next step.
Angela Hirst is doing PhD research in the Department
of Architecture, Geography and Planning at the University
of Queensland.
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